SAP ABAP Programming Made Easy - Theory & FAQs

Submitted By:   Shilpa Gunjan (LnT Infotech) COLLECT Keyword/Statement is used to add or insert a new entry in internal table without creating duplicate entries. COLLECT statement  doesn't directly append the new entry to the internal table rather it first checks in the internal table for any record matching the key in the work area or the header line data. If no matching records are found, then the new data in the work area or the header line will be inserted to the internal table. But in case if any record found with the same key, then instead of inserting a new record, it will add the numeric values of the work area or header line with the matched record and update the internal table record. In simple terms, COLLECT keyword is used to fill an internal table without creating duplicate entries and add up the packed, integer and floating point fields at the same time. Numeric fields include Integer (I), Packed (P) and Floating (F) data types. In case ...

User Exits are possibilities offered by SAP at strategic moments to add additional functions to the SAP standard or to enhance the standard functionality. User Exits are available for SD Module Only. User Exits starts with the keyword USEREXIT_. User exits are basically bundled in an include program. Programs with user exits contain subroutine calls at certain points in their syntax that are identified by the prefix USEREXIT. This is where customers can include any changes (enhancements) that they want to make to the system. Finding User Exits In SD Module: Go To Object Navigator (SE80) Select PACKAGE and type VMOD & Press Enter. You can find a list of user exit available for SD Module. Includes like MV45AFZZ, MV50AFZZ, MV50AFZ1, RV60AFZZ , etc…. are the most frequently used ones in SD module. For example, Check MV45AFZZ include program. This include contain user exits of SD module. Some of the User Exits Available in this include are: USEREXIT_FI...

Submitted By: Shilpa Gunjan Organization: LnT Infotech CONFIGURATION / REALIZATION: The purpose of this phase is to implement all the business process requirements based on the Business Blueprint. With the completion of the Blueprint phase, Functional Consultants are now ready to begin configuring SAP. The Realization phase is broken into two parts: Baseline Configuration: Functional team starts configuring the system based on the information provided in the blueprint document. Final/Fine Tuning Configuration: The remaining configuration that was not tackled during the baseline configuration is completed during the fine tuning configuration. Fine tuning usually deals with the exceptions that are not covered in baseline configuration. FINAL PREPARATION: Final Preparation stage concentrates on testing for all the work done in the Realization Phase. In this phase the functional team also concentrates on the fine tuning of your configuration before Go-liv...

Submitted By: Shilpa Gunjan Organization: LnT Infotech Accelerated SAP (ASAP) is SAP's standard implementation methodology. This methodology developed by SAP explains steps and procedures to follow for successful implementation of SAP in Companies. ASAP methodology's purpose is to help design SAP implementation in the most efficient manner possible. Its goal is to effectively optimize time, people, quality and other resources, using a proven methodology to implementation. ASAP focuses on tools and training, wrapped up in a five-phase process oriented road map for guiding implementation. The six phases of the ASAP implementation roadmap cover the entire lifecycle of the project from Preparation through the Run phase. Project Preparation: Project formally initiated and planning commenced. Business Blueprint: Requirements gathered and conceptual design conducted. Realization : Solution built and the integration tested. Final Preparation: End-users tra...

7. What Is Data Migration & What Is The Significance Of Data Migration. State The Most Important Data Migration Tools Available In SAP? Data Migration stands for data transfer between two like or alike systems. During SAP R/3 implementation the data needs to be moved from legacy system to the SAP system. Sometimes periodic data transfer between R/3 and other system (interfacing) is also required. Both of the above form a part of data migration. Significance of data migration are: Data migration comes in the end of R/3 implementation. To start with Data Migration first configuration should be fully completed Data migration is about 20% to 40% of the total implementation expenses. The tools for data migration are:- BDC (Batch Data Communication) LSMW (Legacy System Migration Workbench) 8. What Are The Main Functions Of LSMW? The 3 main functions of the LSMW are: Reading the legacy data from one or several files (e.g. spreadsheet tables, sequential files). C...

LSMW is a tool provided by SAP in order to upload huge amount of data from legacy file to R/3 system.In simple words, it helps to transfer data from legacy systems (Non SAP System) into an R/3 System (SAP System). INDEX -- Introduction to LSMW -- Difference Between LSMW & BDC -- When to Use LSMW -- Advantages of LSMW --  Disadvantages of LSMW -- Import Methods In LSMW & It's Advantages & Disadvantages Step By Step Explained in Detail.  (Import Method - Batch Input Recording) STEP 1: Create Project / Sub-Project / Object STEP 2: Maintain Object Attributes: Select Maintain Object Attributes and Execute STEP 3: Maintain Source Structures STEP 4: Maintain Source Fields STEP 5: Maintain Structure Relations STEP 6: Maintain Field Mapping and Conversion Rules STEP 7: Maintain Fixed Values, Translations, User Defined Routines STEP 8: Specify Files STEP 9: Assign Files STEP 10: Read Data STEP 11: Display Read Data STEP 12: C...

1. What Is LSMW All About? LSMW is a tool provided by SAP in order to upload huge amount of data from legacy file to R/3 system. The Legacy System Migration Workbench (LSMW) is a tool to transfer data from legacy systems (Non SAP System) into an R/3 System (SAP System). LSMW supports a step-by-step procedure; if one step is executed and saved then next step automatically follows. Apart from creation of project/ subproject/ object and recording, there are 14 basic steps included in LSMW. Through LSMW one can create Master data, create transactional data, modify existing master data etc. This tool is very useful when some mass changes are to be carried out and no standard SAP transactions are available for that. There are few standard objects available in LSMW e.g. material master, vendor master, customer master, purchasing info record, purchase requisitions, purchase orders etc. Using these standard objects one can do mass data upload and mass transactions. A part from thi...

26. How Can You Differentiate Types Of RFC By Syntax In An ABAP Program? Basically RFC’s can be recognized in an ABAP program by the syntax CALL FUNCTION <rfc name=' '> DESTINATION <destination name=' '>. If the RFC function call contains the clause STARTING NEW TASK, it is an asynchronous RFC; the clause IN BACKGROUND TASK indicates a transactional RFC. If the call only contains the clause DESTINATION, but neither STARTING NEW TASK nor IN BACKGROUND TASK, then the RFC is started as a synchronous RFC. The following code starts the functional module ZRFC_SALES_DEL_STATUS synchronously, asynchronously, and transactionally. * Synchronous RFC CALL FUNCTION ‘ZRFC_SALES_DEL_STATUS’ DESTINATION ‘R10’ EXCEPTIONS argument_error = 1 send_error = 2 OTHERS = 3. * Asynchronous RFC CALL FUNCTION ‘ZRFC_SALES_DEL_STATUS’ STARTING NEW TASK task DESTINATION ‘R10’ EXCEPTIONS communication_failure = 1 system_failure = 2 RESOURCE_FAILURE = 3. ...

21. What Do You Mean By The Terms RFC Client & RFC Server? R FC client is the instance that calls up the Remote Function Call (RFC) to execute the function that is provided by an RFC server.  The process that starts the RFC is called the sender or client, and the process in which the RFC is executed is the recipient or server. Say we have CRM and R/3 System. If we want to read Sales Order’s Delivery Status record from R/3 System’s database, we will have to create a remotely callable function module in the R/3 environment which retrieves Sales Order’s Delivery Status records. Now we will have to call this function from the CRM System using a remote function call (Also list the destination for the target R/3 System in SM59) . In this case CRM server acts as an RFC Client and R/3 acts as an RFC Server. 22. What Do You Understand By The Term DESTINATION Used In RFC? CALL FUNCTION RemoteFunction DESTINATION Dest     EXPORTING        f1 =......

16. What Is Fast RFC (fRFC)? Fast RFC is a type of RFC used for system internal communications. Interactions between J2ee engine in SAP & the ABP runtime environment in the same instance are done using Fast RFC . This type of RFC is possible only if both the source & target are on the same system. 17. What Is Parallel Processing In RFC (pRFC)? Parallel Processing is an extension of aRFC. Generally when we call a function module, it will stop the current program, execute another (called) program and then returns control to original program and again original program starts execution. With asynchronous function module control will start parallel without stopping the current program from which you called the function module. Parallel processing is generally used when there is a need to process large amount of data. In parallel processing, a job step is started as usual in a background processing work process. A program that runs in a job step can be programmed to us...

11. What Is Synchronous RFC (sRFC)? Synchronous Communication is implemented when there is a need for immediate return of data (response) from the receiving system to the sender system. The receiving system should be active at the time this communication is made so that it can process the function call at that very time. This communication is very helpful when real time response is required or when results are required immediately from the destination system. Synchronous RFC is based on synchronous communication which means both the source system and destination system (Client & Server) involved must be available at the time function call is made. sRFC is a means of communication between systems where acknowledgements are required. The resources of the Source System wait at the target system and ensure that they deliver the message/data with ACKD. The Data is consistent and reliable for communication. The only issue is if the target system is not available, the source ...

6. For What Purposes Can RFC’s Be Used? RFCs can be used for the following mentioned purposes: To establish Communication between different systems, such as between two SAP systems or between an SAP system and an external system. To establish Communication between application instances or between the application layer and the presentation layer (GUI communication). Can be Used for Parallelizing Processes as one program after another can start several RFCs asynchronously without waiting for processing to finish, RFCs are used to parallelize processes and dynamically distribute workload over the different servers within an SAP system. 7. State Whether RFC’s Are Client Dependent Or Client Independent Objects? RFC’s are Client Independent Objects. RFC connections can always be used across the entire system. This means that an RFC connection you have defined in client 100 can also be used from client 110 also without any difference. 8. What Are The Types of RFC’s availabl...